New Federal Agencies

Women's Bureau (1920) - gave female reformers a national stage for advocacy and served the needs of women in the labor force in the Department of Labor.

Children's Bureau (1912) - part of Department of Labor that protected the rights of children in the workforce

Federal Trade Commission (1914) - commission appointed by president to search into industries like meatpacking. It sought to weed out unfair trade practices like unlawful competition, false advertising, mislabeling, adulteration, and bribery.

Federal Reserve (1913) - The FRB oversaw a system of 12 regional banks that could issue Federal Reserve notes to help increase circulation. It helped to carry the nation through the hard times of WW1.

Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 - made credit available to farmers at low rates

Amendments to the Constitution

16th Amendment (1913) - allowed an income tax for the first time

17th Amendment (1913) - approved the direct election of U.S. Senators

18th Amendment (1919) - prohibition of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment (1920) - gave all American women the right to vote

Acts Protecting Workers

La Folette's Seaman's Act (1915) - required decent treatment and a living wage on American merchant ships. It brought about an increase in freight rates.

Worker's Compensation Act of 1915 - granted assistance to federal civil service employees during times of diability

Anti-Trust Acts

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) - After pressure from the people, Congress passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act which forbade combinations in restarint of trade but was largely unsuccessful because it left loopholes.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914 - Lengthened the list of buisiness practices deemed objectionable like price discrimination and interlocking directorates. It also sought to exempt labor and agricultural organizations from anit-trust prosecution and legalized picketing and strikes.

Food Safety Acts

Meat Inspection Act of 1906 - Inspired by the complaints of the public and by The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection.

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 - Made to follow up the Meat Inspection Act, the PFDA prevented the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals.

Railroad Acts

Elkins Act (1903) - Created by Congress and endorsed by TR, the Elkins Act imposed heavy fines on railroads that gave rebates and on those shippers that accepted them.

























Hepburn Act (1906) - The Hepburn Act restricted free passes and expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission to include express companies, sleeping car companies, and pipelines.
Gave the Commission the teeth to back up their talk.

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